Preheat the Oven: Set your oven to 350°F (175°C). Place the stick of butter in a 9×9-inch baking dish and put it in the oven for a few minutes, just until the butter melts completely. Carefully remove the pan from the oven and set it aside.
Mix the Dry Ingredients: In a medium mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder, salt, and sugar until well combined. This helps distribute the leavening evenly so your cobbler rises perfectly.
Add the Wet Ingredients: Pour in the buttermilk, vanilla extract, and lemon extract. Whisk just until combined — the batter should be smooth and pourable, but be careful not to overmix.
Combine with Butter: Pour the batter directly over the melted butter in the baking dish. Do not stir. The butter will rise around the edges as it bakes, giving the cobbler its crisp, golden crust and rich flavor.
Add the Lemon Filling: Dollop spoonfuls of lemon pie filling evenly across the top of the batter. Again, do not stir — the filling will settle as it bakes, creating delicious pockets of tangy lemon throughout the cobbler.
Bake: Place the dish in the oven and bake for 45–60 minutes, or until the top is golden brown and the edges are bubbly. The cobbler should have a crisp surface with a tender, cake-like layer underneath.
Cool and Serve: Remove from the oven and allow it to cool slightly before serving. The cobbler will continue to set as it cools, making it easy to scoop into generous servings.
